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The Berenstain Bears is a series of children's books created by Stan and Jan Berenstain and continued by their son, Mike Berenstain, who assumed partial authorship in 2002, and full authorship in 2012 following Jan's death. The books feature a family of anthropomorphic grizzly bears who generally learn a moral or safety-related lesson in the course of each story. Since the 1962 debut of the first Berenstain Bears book, ''The Big Honey Hunt'', the series has grown to over 300 titles, which have sold approximately 260 million copies in 23 languages.〔Loviglio, Joann. ("50 Years Along, Berenstain Bears A Family Affair" ). Associated Press. ''The Washington Times'', 2011-01-30. Retrieved 2013-07-07.〕 The Berenstain Bears franchise has also expanded well beyond the books, encompassing two television series and a wide variety of other products and licenses. While enjoying decades of popularity, the series has been criticized for its perceived saccharine tone and formulaic storytelling. ==History== Stanley Berenstain and Janice Grant met in 1941, on their first day of drawing class at the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art, where they formed an immediate bond.〔Martin, Douglas. ("Stan Berenstain, Co-Creator of Those Fuzzy Bears, Dies at 82." ) The New York Times, 2005-11-30.〕〔("Berenstain Bears Creator Dies." ) Associated Press, 2009-02-11.〕〔Mehren, Elizabeth. ("The Bear Facts." ) Los Angeles Times, 1995-02-01.〕 After being separated during World War II, during which Stan worked for the Army as a medical illustrator and Janice worked as a riveter, they were reunited and married in 1946.〔 While initially working as art teachers, the Berenstains pursued a joint career in cartooning and gradually found success working together on illustrations, humorous sketches and cover art for publications including ''The Saturday Review of Literature'', ''Collier's'', ''McCall's'', ''Good Housekeeping'', and ''The Saturday Evening Post''.〔〔〔Asim, Jabari. ("Bear Necessities." ) The Washington Post, 2002-11-24, p. BW06.〕 In 1951, they published ''Berenstains' Baby Book'', a humorous how-to aimed at adults and based on their experiences raising their infant son Leo in downtown Philadelphia.〔 Nearly two dozen other books followed; described by Stan as "cartoon essays," the titles included ''Marital Blitz'', ''How To Teach Your Children About Sex Without Making A Complete Fool of Yourself'' and ''Have A Baby, My Wife Just Had A Cigar!''〔 In the early 1960s, the Berenstains sought to enter the field of writing for young children.〔 For their first children's book, they chose to cast bears as the main characters, primarily because the animal held wide appeal and could be drawn easily.〔〔 Stan also observed that female bears are "terrifyingly good mothers" while the males are "lousy fathers."〔 (The Berenstains denied that their last name had anything to do with the decision.)〔〔Weeks, Linton. "The Bear Essentials." The Washington Post, 1996-05-13.〕 In their 2002 memoir, they said that they knew from the start that their book would "have three characters: a bluff, overenthusiastic Papa Bear who wore bib overalls and a plaid shirt and...a wise Mama Bear who wore a blue dress with white polka dots...and a bright, lively little cub."〔 The Berenstains' first bear story, titled ''Freddy Bear's Spanking'', arrived on the desk of Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, who had found phenomenal success in 1957 with ''The Cat in the Hat'' and was now editor of a Random House series called "Beginner Books".〔 Geisel took on the manuscript, but spent the next two years ruthlessly challenging the Berenstains to make improvements to the writing and structure and to connect with their characters on a deeper level.〔〔〔Shattuck, Kathryn. ("For Young Viewers; The Family Next Door: Furry and Full of Fun." ) The New York Times, 2003-01-05.〕 He asked questions such as "What kind of pipe tobacco does Papa Bear smoke?" and urged them to analyze the relationship between Papa Bear and Small Bear, to which Stan responded, mystified, "Well, he's the father, and he's the son"; however, Jan attributed the inspiration for the characters' dynamic to the 1931 film ''The Champ''.〔〔 The book was finally published in 1962 under the title ''The Big Honey Hunt'', with no plans to revisit the bears in a sequel.〔〔 Geisel had told the Berenstains to feature a different animal in their next story, as "there are already too many bears... Sendak's got some kind of bear. There's Yogi Bear, the Three Bears, Smokey Bear, the Chicago Bears... for your next book you should do something as different from bears as possible."〔 They had started work on a new project featuring a penguin when Geisel called and told them: "We're selling the hell out of the bear book."〔〔 The second bear book, ''The Bike Lesson'', appeared in 1964, featuring the names Stan and Jan Berenstain instead of Stanley and Janice; Geisel had changed the credit without consulting them. Geisel was also responsible for adding the name "Berenstain Bears" to the covers of succeeding books.〔〔〔Gillies, Judith S. ("Grin 'n' 'Bear' it: The Berenstains come to WTTW." ) The Washington Post, 2003-01-04.〕〔("The bike lesson (Book, 1964)." ) WorldCat.org.〕 Over the next several decades, Stan and Jan collaborated on hundreds of books from their home studio outside Philadelphia.〔〔 After developing a storyline together, one of them (usually Stan) would develop a first draft, which the other would then refine into an 1100-word manuscript. They also worked together on the illustrations.〔 In 2002, the couple released a memoir of their career titled ''Down A Sunny Dirt Road''.〔 Their sons Leo and Mike also entered the family business after making their own forays into children's publishing as an author and illustrator, respectively.〔 In the 1990s, the men worked on the Berenstain Bears "Big Chapter Book" series (published under the names Stan and Jan Berenstain).〔 Following Stan's death from lymphoma in 2005, Mike collaborated with his mother on writing and illustrating Berenstain Bears installments, while Leo has been involved with the business side of the franchise.〔 Jan Berenstain died in February 2012 following a stroke.〔Schaffer, Michael D., and Bill Reed. ("A bear-hug farewell to Jan Berenstain, cocreator of the Bear family." ) ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', 02-28-2012.〕〔Langer, Emily. ("Jan Berenstain, co-creator of the Berenstain Bears children's books, dies at 88." ) ''The Washington Post'', 02-27-2012.〕 Mike Berenstain continues to write and illustrate new books in the series.〔Bartlett, Jaye. ("Mike Berenstain talks about the Berenstain Bears' 50th anniversary." ) The Celebrity Cafe, 05-02-2012.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Berenstain Bears」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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